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Bhutan is a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The 2008 Constitution establishes a parliamentary government with an elected National Assembly and a National Council. While dependent on the Indian military, Bhutan maintains its own military units. It has since expanded relations with 55 countries, including Bangladesh, Israel, Kuwait, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, and Turkey as well as the European Union. Bhutan joined the United Nations in 1971. The arrangement continued under a new treaty with India in 1949 in which both countries recognized each other's sovereignty. In 1910, a treaty guaranteed British advice in foreign policy in exchange for internal autonomy in Bhutan. The House of Wangchuck emerged as the monarchy and pursued closer ties with the British in the subcontinent. Bhutan ceded the Bengal Duars to British India during the Bhutan War in the 19th century. During the 17th century, Bhutan controlled large parts of northeast India, Sikkim and Nepal it also wielded significant influence in Cooch Behar State. Namgyal became the first Zhabdrung Rinpoche and his successors acted as the spiritual leaders of Bhutan like the Dalai Lama in Tibet. Namgyal defeated three Tibetan invasions, subjugated rival religious schools, codified the Tsa Yig legal system, and established a government of theocratic and civil administrators. During the 16th century, Ngawang Namgyal unified the valleys of Bhutan into a single state. Bhutan also came under the influence of the Tibetan Empire. Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim and parts of Nepal became the vestiges of the Mahayana schools amid the decline of Buddhism in India. In the first millennium, the Vajrayana school of Buddhism spread to Bhutan from the southern Pala Empire of Bengal. The capital and largest city is Thimphu.īhutan and neighboring Tibet experienced the spread of Buddhism which originated in the Indian subcontinent during the lifetime of Gautama Buddha. The wildlife of Bhutan is notable for its diversity, including the Himalayan takin. Gangkhar Puensum is Bhutan's highest peak and is the highest unclimbed mountain in the world. In the Bhutanese Himalayas, there are peaks higher than 7,000 meters (23,000 ft) above sea level. The subalpine Himalayan mountains in the north rise from the country's lush subtropical plains in the south. Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy with Vajrayana Buddhism as the state religion. The country has a population of over 754,000 and territory of 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 sq mi) which ranks 133rd in terms of land area and 160th in population. Nepal and Bangladesh are located near Bhutan but do not share a land border.
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Bhutan is known as "Druk Yul," or "Land of the Thunder Dragon". Without proper rendering support, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Tibetan characters.īhutan ( / b uː ˈ t ɑː n/ ( listen) Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, romanized: Druk Yul ), officially known as the Kingdom of Bhutan ( Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་, romanized: Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas, located between China and India.
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Consequently, United Nations Population Division reduced its estimation of the country's population in the 2006 revision for the whole period from 1950 to 2000. A national census was carried out in 2005 and it turned out that the population was 672,425. Thus, using the annual increase rate of 2–3%, the most population estimates were around 2 million in 2000.